E-LETTER on Systems, Control, and Signal Processing ISSUE No. 24, 12 June 1989 Editors: Bradley W. Dickinson Dept. of Electrical Engineering Princeton University Princeton, NJ 08544 bradley@princeton.edu or bradley@pucc.bitnet Eduardo D. Sontag Dept. of Mathematics Rutgers University New Brunswick, NJ 08903 sontag@fermat.rutgers.edu or sontag@pisces.bitnet Welcome. We remind you that items for posting can be emailed to either of the editors. PLEASE SEND CONTRIBUTIONS, since the eletter can only be useful if everyone participates. Selected back issues of the newsletter, as well as the complete mailing list (currently about 650 names) can be requested from Sontag at either of the above addresses. NOTE: if you are using an editor to read this mailing and if at any point you wish to skip to the next article, you can accomplish this by searching for the string: *.** Contents Changes to mailing list Personals: Carl Nett moving to Georgia Tech Promotions for Charles Boncelet and Sergio Verdu M. Vidyasagar moving to India Yuan Wang wins Sloan Fellowship 1989 PYI Award winners IEEE Control Systems Society News: IEEE Trans. on Automatic Control: Contents - July 1989 29th IEEE CDC, Honolulu, Hawaii; Dec. 5-7, 1990 IEEE CACSD Benchmark Problem No.3 Conferences: Int'l Telecommunications Symp., Rio de Janeiro, Sept. 4-6, 1990 EMCSR 90, Cybernetics & Systems Research, Vienna, April 17-20, 1990 Nonlinear Flight Control Workshop, Aug. 21-24, 1989, Berkeley, CA Journals: Linear Algebra and its Applications - Special Issue Announcement New Journal: Multidimensional Systems and Signal Processing Position Available at Univ. of New South Wales, Australia Reports: Recent SYCON Technical Report *.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.** Contributed by the Editors: Changes/Additions to mailing list. Changes and Updates: ------------------- kamen@attu.ee.pittsburgh.edu (E.W. Kamen, Univ. of Pittsburgh) nett@crd.ge.com (Carl Nett, General Electric Corp. R&D, Schenectady, NY) bjorn@control.lth.se (Bjorn Wittenmark, Lund University, Sweden) utrcu1!twpolder@nluug.nl (J.W. Polderman, Univ. of Twente, The Netherlands) praulefs@sc.intel.com (Peter Raulefs, Intel AI Lab, Santa Clara, CA) Additions: --------- e443cc@tamvm1.bitnet (Charles K. Chui, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX) shkim@athena.mit.edu (Steven H. Kim, MIT) ljilja@m21ux.att.com (Ljiljana Trajkovic, AT&T Bell Labs, Murray Hill) xvyf%bpcvax%crcvax%nssdca@io.arc.nasa.gov (Chien Huang, Grumman, Bethpage, NY) mcvax!uva!theopapa (Theodosis Papathanassiadis) stephanou@gmuvax.gmu.edu (Harry Stephanou, George Mason Univ., Fairfax, VA) jwg@bellcore.com (Joel Gannett, Bellcore, Morristown, NJ) minto@crd.ge.com (Dean Minto, General Electric Corp. R&D, Schenectady, NY) rjm@united.berkeley.edu (Bob Minnichelli, UC Berkeley) brandimarte@itopoli.bitnet (Paolo Brandimarte, Politecnico di Torino, ITALY) SHRIVASTAVA@gmr.com (P.C. Shrivastava, General Motors Rsch. Lab., Warren, MI) forrest@ee.tamu.edu (Bob Forrest, Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX) smile1@icnucevm.bitnet (Riccardo Raheli, Scuola Superiore, Pisa, ITALY) TaylorJH@crd.ge.com (James H. Taylor, General Electric Corp. R&D, Schenectady,) *.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.** Personal Notes - Compiled by the Editors. Carl Nett Moving to Georgia Tech Carl Nett will be moving to the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, Georgia, sometime this summer. Carl is currently a member of the technical staff in the Control Systems Laboratory at the GE Corporate Research and Development Center in Schenectady, New York, and also an adjunct assistant professor in the Electrical, Computer, and Systems Engineering Department at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Carl has been appointed as Associate Professor in the School of Aerospace Engineering at Georgia Tech. Good luck in your new position! Promotions for Charles Boncelet and Sergio Verdu The editors have heard of two recent promotions for E-LETTER subscribers. Charlie Boncelet has been promoted to the position of Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Delaware. Sergio Verdu has been promoted to the position of Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering at Princeton University. Congratulations to both! M. Vidyasagar Moves To India M. Vidyasagar has accepted a position as Director of the Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics set up by the Department of Defence of India. The center is temporarily located in Bangalore, and will relocate to Mysore in about two years. After June 15, 1989, his address will be: Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Raj Bhavan Circle, High Grounds Bangalore 560 001 INDIA Phones: Office: +91 812-27803; Home: +91 812-565-175 (If interested in a position at the Center, please send an inquiry to the above address.) Good luck Sagar! Yuan Wang Wins Sloan Fellowship Yuan Wang, from the SYCON -Rutgers Center for Systems and Control- has been awarded a Sloan Foundation Doctoral Dissertation Fellowship for 89-90. This highly competitive national Fellowship is awarded to a small number of graduate students in the US for their last year of study. Ms. Wang is at the Rutgers Mathematics Department, and her thesis deals with the relations among realizability by state-space systems, differential-algebraic notions, and input/output equations. She has also published on generalized systems and on the control of families of systems. Congratulations Yuan! 1989 PYI Awards Announced There were several 1989 PYI Awards made in the areas of systems, control, signal processing, and communications. We took the following list from the IEEE Institute, which listed awardees who are IEEE members. We would be happy to mention other award winners that we may have not yet heard about. Of the ones listed, only Steven Kim is on the E-LETTER distribution list. If an award winner is at your institution, ask if he would like to become an E-LETTER subscriber! Joseph Bentsman, Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; mechanical engineering, dynamic systems and control Hsiao-Dong Chiang, Cornell; power systems and nonlinear systems Bruce R. Donald, Cornell; robotics Thomas E. Fuja, Univ. of Maryland, College Park; communication systems Steven H. Kim, MIT; intelligent systems, design and manufacturing Jan Rabaey, Univ. of California, Berkeley; digital signal processing Barry D. Van Veen, Univ. of Wisconsin at Madison; digital signal processing *.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.** +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ CONTROL SYSTEMS SOCIETY NEWS P.J. Ramadge +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Contributed by N._Harris_Mcclamroch@um.cc.umich.edu IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUTOMATIC CONTROL Table of Contents - Volume 34, Number 7, July 1989 Focus on Parameter Space Methods in Control Design Parameter Space Methods for Robust Control Design: A Guided Tour D. D. Siljak Papers Feedback Linearizing Control of Vehicle Longitudinal Acceleration I.-J. Ha, A. K. Tugcu, and N. M. Boustany An M-Matrix and Majorant Approach to Robust Stability and Performance Analysis for Systems with Structures Uncertainty D. C. Hyland and E. G. Collins Convex Analysis and Global Optimization of Joint Location and Control Problems J. C. Geromel Optimal Scheduling with Strict Deadlines P. P. Bhattacharya and A. Ephremides +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Contributed by Ray DeCarlo decarlo@ee.ecn.purdue.edu THE 29TH IEEE CONFERENCE ON DECISION AND CONTROL Hilton Hawaiian Village Honolulu, Hawaii December 5-7, 1990 The IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC) is the annual meeting of the IEEE Control Systems Society. It is conducted in cooperation with several other national and/or international sister societies. The twenty-ninth CDC will be held on December 5-7, 1990, at the Hilton Hawaiian Village in Honolulu, Hawaii. The General Chairman of the Conference is Charles J. Herget of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The Program Chairman is Raymond A. DeCarlo of Purdue University. The Conference will include both contributed and invited sessions. Papers and Sessions are hereby solicited in all aspects of the theory and application of systems involving decision, control, optimization and adaptation. PRELIMINARY CALL FOR CONTRIBUTED PAPERS The 29th CDC Program Committee will be soliciting two types of papers for presentation at the Conference: a. Regular papers describing completed work in some detail. Authors should submit six (6) copies of the full paper for review. Each paper must be headed with the paper title, the names, affiliations and complete mailing addresses of all authors, and the statement "29th CDC". The first named author will be used for all correspondence unless otherwise requested. A regular conference paper may simultaneously be submitted for possible publication as a regular paper in the IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control if requested and if a total of seven (7) copies is submitted for review. Please consult the Information for Authors which appears in each issue of the Transactions. Submission must be made no later than March 1, 1990, to: 29th CDC Professor N. H. McClamroch Dept. of Aerospace Engineering University of Michigan 2508 Patterson Place Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2140 (313) 763-9304 mcclamroch@um.cc.umich.edu b. Short papers that present important recent or perhaps preliminary results. Authors should submit four (4) copies of a 4-6 page detailed summary (plus references) for review. Each summary must be headed with the paper title, the names, affiliations and complete mailing addresses of all authors, and the statement "29th CDC". The first named author will be used for all correspondence unless otherwise requested. Submission must be made no later than March 1, 1990, to: 29th CDC Professor Raymond A. DeCarlo School of Electrical Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette, IN 47907 (317) 494-6389 decarlo@ee.ecn.purdue.edu Authors will be notified regarding acceptance of their papers for presentation at the CDC by JUNE 20, 1990. Authors of accepted papers will be provided with publication kits and instructions for preparing their manuscripts for the Proceedings. In particular, authors will be requested to keep their manuscripts to six Proceedings pages or less (about 6,000 words). Short papers will be limited to two Proceedings pages (about 2,000 words). There is a mandatory page charge for each additional page. Authors of accepted papers are expected to attend the Conference to present their work. PRELIMINARY CALL FOR INVITED SESSIONS The 29th CDC Program Committee is also soliciting proposals for invited sessions. The Program Committee particularly encourages cohesive sessions focusing on new emerging areas and sessions built around theme problems. Mainstream or classical topic papers should be submitted as contributed papers. Proposals should be submitted by MARCH 1, 1990, to the CDC Program Chairman, Professor Raymond A. DeCarlo, whose address is given above. Proposals for invited sessions should contain the session chairperson, co-chairperson, a complete list of authors, everyone's address, paper titles, abstracts, and detailed extended summaries. The organizers must include in their proposal: (i) a clear statement on the topic and the purpose of the session, (ii) a clear statement on the importance/relevance of the topic to the field, and (iii) a reasonably detailed description of how the papers form a cohesive, well integrated exploration of the session topic. The detailed extended summaries must be a minimum of 2000 words covering all contributions of the paper in sufficient depth to permit informed review. Organizers are encouraged to consider launching a session with a tutorial/survey paper/presentation which can be allotted twice the time accorded to regular papers. Other special requests and dates will appear in the actual call for papers. +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Contributed by Chien Huang IEEE CACSD Benchmark Problem No.3 Given the wide availability of computer-aided control system design (CACSD) software, IEEE is interested in assessing the accuracy and usefulness of the CACSD packages. The Working Group of IEEE Committee on CACSD has been generating benchmark problems to address this need. The first benchmark problem was distributed at 2nd IEEE Symposium on CACSD (1985). It was an aircraft analysis problem and results were reported in Control System Society Magazine (Aug '87). The second benchmark was made available in 1986 and consists of a autopilot design with up to 74 states. The preliminary results were reported in NAECON '88. The third benchmark problem is available now for distribution. It is a multirate problem where it is required to compute the equivalent single-rate model, eigenvalues, open- and closed-loop time and frequency responses, etc. The members of Working Group of IEEE Committe on CACSD invite all interested persons to respond to this problem. An official announcement will appear in August issue of the Control System Society Magazine. However, details of this problem will be distributed at the '89 ACC and can be obtained by dropping a line to Chien Y. Huang Grumman Corporation MS B21-35 Bethpage, NY 11714 (516)575-6178 e-mail: xvyf%bpcvax%crcvax%nssdca@io.arc.nasa.gov The tentative deadline on the submissions is set for Oct 1, 1989. *.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.** Contributed by Ezio Biglieri The SBT/IEEEE International Telecommunications Symposium will be held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on September 4-6, 1990. Papers in the following areas are solicited: - Antennas and propagation - Broadband ISDN - Communication theory - Communication software - Communications switching - Computer communications - Economic aspects of telecommunications - Expert systems for communications - Image processing - Information theory and coding - Microwave devices - Mobile and portable communications - Narrowband ISDN - Network operations and management - Optical communications - Quality assurance - Radio communications - Satellite and space communications - Signal processing for communications - Speech processing - VLSI for communications SCHEDULE AND INSTRUCTIONS - Complete manuscript due .............. February 1, 1990 - Notification of acceptance mailed .... May 7, 1990 - Camera-ready copies due .............. June 15, 1990 The title page must include the author's name, designation of the managing author, complete return address, telephone and/or telex number and a 100 word abstract of the paper. Send five double-spaced copies of the manuscript (limited to 15 pages, A4 format), in English, to the ITS'90 Technical Program Chairman Dr. Abraham Alcaim ITS'90 Technical Program Chairman CETUC-PUC/RJ Rua Marques de Sao Vicente 225 22453 Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) phone: +55-21-5299450 telex 2131048 PUC BR fax +55-21-2744546 *.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.** Redistributed after editing. Posted to Connectionists mailing list by Georg Dorffner Announcement and Call for Papers EMCSR 90 TENTH EUROPEAN MEETING ON CYBERNETICS AND SYSTEMS RESEARCH April 17-20, 1990 University of Vienna, Austria Sessions at the meeting will be: A: General Systems Methodology B: Fuzzy Sets, Approximate Reasoning and Knowledge-based Systems C: Designing and Systems D: Humanity, Architecture and Conceptualization E: Cybernetics in Biology and Medicine F: Cybernetics in Socio-Economic Systems G: Workshop: Managing Change: Institutional Transition in the Private and Public Sector H: Innovation Systems in Management and Public Policy I: Systems Engineering and Artificial Intelligence for Peace Research J: Communication and Computers K: Software Development for Systems Theory L: Artificial Intelligence M: Parallel Distributed Processing in Man and Machine N: Impacts of Artificial Intelligence The conference is organized by the Austrian Society for Cybernetic Studies (chair: Robert Trappl). SUBMISSION OF PAPERS: Acceptance of contributors will be determined on the basis of Draft Final Papers. These papers must not exceed 7 single-spaced A4 pages (maximum 50 lines, final size will be 8.5 x 6 inches), in English. They have to contain the final text to be submitted, however, graphs and pictures need not be of reproducible quality. The Draft Final Paper must carry the title, author(s) name(s), and affiliation in this order. Please specify the symposium in which you would like to present the paper (one of the letters above). Each scientist shall submit only 1 paper. Please send three copies of the Draft Final Paper to: EMCSR 90 - Conference Secretariat Austrian Society for Cybernetic Studies Schottengasse 3 A-1010 Vienna, Austria Deadline for submission: Oct 15, 1989 Authors will be notified about acceptance no later than Nov 20, 1989. They will then be provided with the detailed instructions for the preperation of the Final Paper. Proceedings containing all accepted papers will be printed. Questions concerning symposium M (Parallel Distributed Processing) can be directed to Georg Dorffner, email: georg@ai-vie.uucp *.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.** Contributed by John Hauser: reply to NASA Ames---UC Berkeley NONLINEAR FLIGHT CONTROL Workshop August 21-24, 1989 Berkeley, California ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Speakers: Topics: E. Abed Nonlinear stabilizing control of high angle-of-attack Maryland flight dynamics. C. Desoer Nonlinear feedback systems: a factorization based approach. Berkeley M. DiBenedetto Nonlinear model matching. Rome M. Elgersma Nonlinear flying qualities. Honeywell J. Grizzle Rank invariants for nonlinear systems. Michigan R. Grossman Local symbolic computation of control trajectories. Chicago J. Hauser Design of flight control systems for non-minimum Berkeley phase aircraft. L.R. Hunt Control design for nonlinear input-output systems. Dallas A. Isidori Normal forms and zero dynamics. Rome Output regulation. A. Krener Design of nonlinear compensators using approximate Davis normal forms. H.G. Kwatny Robust regulation of relaxed static stability aircraft. Philadelphia J. Marsden Energy-momentum maps, homoclinic orbits, and control. Berkeley G. Meyer Application of linearization to the flight control NASA Ames of the Harrier. W.J. Rugh Analytical aspects of gain scheduling design. Johns Hopkins S. Sastry Robust linearization of nonlinear systems. Berkeley S. Singh Flight control systems design in the presence of Las Vegas uncertainty. R. Stengel Stochastic and deterministic analysis of nonlinear Princeton flight control systems. J.H. Taylor Synthesis of robust nonlinear control systems via GE CR&D sinusoidal input describing function methods. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Additionally, there will be two POSTER SESSIONS for presentation of recent results. A limited number of fellowships are available for workshop participants. DEADLINES: Registration, Poster Abstracts, and Fellowship Applications June 15, 1989 Contact: Maureen Master 275 Cory Hall Dept. of EECS University of California Berkeley, CA 94720 Electronic mail: flight@united.berkeley.edu << BEST >> FAX: (415) 643-8426 Phone: (415) 642-2344 Organizing Committee: S. Sastry, A. Krener, G. Meyer, J. Hauser, A.K. Pradeep, and M. Master Sponsored by: Institute of Nonlinear Science, University of California; NASA Ames Research Center ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------cut--here--------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ REGISTRATION FORM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ NASA Ames---UC Berkeley NONLINEAR FLIGHT CONTROL Workshop August 21-24, 1989 Berkeley, California ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Name: ___________________________________________ Institution: ___________________________________________ E-mail: ___________________________________________ Phone: ___________________________________________ Address: ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ ___________________________________________ Primary Academic Interest: _____________________________________ Area of interest in Nonlinear Flight Control: _____________________________________ FINANCIAL AID APPLICANTS: Please write a statement of interest in the area of Nonlinear Flight Control, as well as a title and abstract of a poster that you would like to present. Registration & Financial Aid DEADLINE is JUNE 15, 1989. Return completed applications via e-mail to flight@united.berkeley.edu or send by US Mail to Maureen Master 275 Cory Hall Dept. of EECS University of California Berkeley, CA 94720 or by FAX to (415) 643-8426 *.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.** Contributed by Hans Schneider, Editor in Chief - LAA LINEAR ALGEBRA AND ITS APPLICATIONS Special issue on ALGEBRAIC LINEAR ALGEBRA This is to announce a special issue of Linear Algebra and its Applications entitled ALGEBRAIC LINEAR ALGEBRA. It will be devoted to the interaction between algebraic matrix theory and the rest of algebra. Examples of the types of papers we seek are: 1. Generalizations of classical matrix theory (such as module theory or linear algebra over rings) or the use of such generalizations to solve problems in classical linear algebra. 2. Use of algebraic linear algebra in coding theory, control theory, cryptography, group matrices, and other areas. 3. Extensions of algebraic linear algebra itself that have been suggested by such applications (e.g. new matrix problems). This issue is open to all and papers will be refereed in the usual way. The deadline for submission is August 1990, with expected publication approximately one year later. Authors should submit three copies of the manuscript (prepared according to the guidelines described in "Information for Authors" published in every issue of LAA) to one of the following special editors: Robert M. Guralnick Department of Mathematics University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA 90089-1113 email: guralnic@mtha.usc.edu William H. Gustafson Department of Mathematics Texas Tech University Lubbock, TX 79409 Lawrence S. Levy Department of Mathematics University of Wisconsin Madison, WI 53706 email: levy@math.wisc.edu *.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.** CONTRIBUTION TO ELETTER BY NIRMAL K. BOSE Kluwer Academic Publishers has announced the new journal entitled MULTIDIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS AND SIGNAL PROCESSING. Information regarding this journal may be obtained by either calling (617)871-6600 or writing to : Mr. Robert Holland Kluwer Academic Publishers 101 Philip Drive Norwell MA 02061-1677 The announcement leaflet for the journal is also obtainable by sending name and address through e-mail to either NKB@PSUECL.BITNET or SIMAAN@EE.PITTSBURGH.edu *.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.** Contributed by David Clements Equality of employment opportunity is University policy DEPARTMENT OF SYSTEMS AND CONTROL SCHOOL OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND COMPUTER SCIENCE THE UNIVERSITY OF NEW SOUTH WALES P.O. BOX 1, KENSINGTON, 2033, AUSTRALIA LECTURER/SENIOR LECTURER (Tenured/Tenurable Appointment) (Reference 1080) The department is seeking to appoint a suitably qualified person (PhD required or soon to be awarded) to join a team of academic and general staff interested in the development of systems and control theory suitable for industrial applications. The ideal candidate would have a strong background in research in control theory with an interest/experience in implementation aspects. Research areas that would complement the existing interests of members of the department include: robust control design, nonlinear control, adaptive control, modelling, identification and simulation and image processing. The successful applicant would also engage in teaching undergraduate courses in areas such as circuits, systems and control and graduate courses in control. The appointment is available from July 1989 and will be either with tenure or on the basis of a contract with provision for conversion to tenure. Applicants should forward TWO copies of: written application (quoting reference number, business hours telephone number, together with the names and addresses of two referees); curriculum vitae; and transcript of academic record to the Academic Staff Office of the University. Applications close 3 July, 1989 For further information contact Professor N. W. Rees, Head of Department Phone: Direct Line 61 2 6974010 Messages 61 2 6974000 Fax 61 2 6622087 E-mail davidc@karri.eecs.unsw.oz@munnari.oz *.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.** Contributed by: E.Sontag RECENT TECHNICAL REPORTS SYCON -- Rutgers Center for Systems and Control [89-08] On two definitions of observation spaces, by E.D.Sontag and Y.Wang, May 89. (12 pages) Electronic abstracts and/or hardcopy of reports can be requested from sycon@fermat.rutgers.edu *.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.*.** End of E-Letter 24.