Theorem. Let the column-vector of functions of,n T a(n):=, [a[0](n), a[1](n), a[2](n)] , be defined T by the initial conditions:, a(0) = [1, 0, 0] and a(n+1)=A(n)a(n), where A(n) is the, 3, by , 3, matrix 2 3 2 3 (n + 1) (n + 1) (10 n + 10 n + 3) n (n + 1) (20 n + 30 n + 15 n + 2) [[-----------, --------------------------, ------------------------------------ 2 (4 n + 3) 4 (2 n + 1) (4 n + 3) 4 (1 + 4 n) (2 n + 1) (4 n + 3) 2 4 3 2 5 14 n + 12 n + 3 20 n + 20 n + 2 n - 4 n - 1 ], [- -------, - ---------------------, - -------------------------------], 4 n + 3 2 (2 n + 1) (4 n + 3) 2 (1 + 4 n) (2 n + 1) (4 n + 3) 3 2 5 5 n 2 n - 7 n - 5 n - 1 [-----------------, -------------------, -----------------------------]] (n + 1) (4 n + 3) 2 (n + 1) (4 n + 3) 2 (1 + 4 n) (4 n + 3) (n + 1) T In other words, a(n)=A(n-1)A(n-2)...A(0) times, [1, 0, 0] Let 4 2 F(n, k) = binomial(n, k) (a[0](n) + a[1](n) k + a[2](n) k ) We have, for every non-negative integer n ----- \ ) F(n, k) = 1 / ----- k Proof: We cleverly construct / 4 | G(n, k) = binomial(n, k) | | \ 4 3 2 2 a[0](n) k (24 n k - 10 - 70 n + 4 k - 80 n - 140 n + 32 n k) 1/4 ---------------------------------------------------------------- + 1/4 4 (1 + 4 n) (2 n + 1) (4 n + 3) (n + 1 - k) 4 2 3 2 2 2 2 a[1](n) k (15 - 18 k + 6 k - 80 n k - 180 n k + 32 n k + 32 n k 2 4 3 / - 112 n k + 105 n + 220 n + 40 n + 170 n ) / ((1 + 4 n) (2 n + 1) / 4 4 2 3 4 3 (4 n + 3) (n + 1 - k) ) + 1/4 a[2](n) k (-80 k n + 10 n + 240 n k 4 2 2 2 2 3 + 50 k + 40 k n + 248 n k + 400 n k - 20 - 42 k - 220 n k + 40 n k 3 2 2 3 2 3 5 / + 32 k n - 176 n k + 12 k - 110 n - 195 n - 115 n + 20 n ) / ( / \ 4 | (1 + 4 n) (2 n + 1) (4 n + 3) (n + 1 - k) )| | / with the motive that F(n + 1, k) - F(n, k) = G(n, k + 1) - G(n, k) (check!) and the identity follows upon summing with respect to k. QED